Study sheds light on sun exposure
Skin damage can still occur even during “safe” times, according to Australian researchers.
Many of us have grown up believing that spending time in the sun early in the morning, later in the afternoon, or during winter carries little risk of skin cancer.
However, new research is reshaping that assumption, suggesting that even low-intensity sunlight may contribute to skin damage.
The study, led by Professors Rachel Neale and David Whiteman at QIMR Berghofer in Brisbane, found that short periods outdoors during times typically considered “safe” can still result in measurable damage to the skin’s DNA.
This challenges decades of messaging that lower ultraviolet (UV) levels equate to minimal harm.
The key insight of the study is that it’s the total dose of UV radiation that matters, not just the intensity or the time of day.
“You can get the same dose of UV radiation in a short time in the middle of the day or a longer time earlier or later,” Professor Neale said.
The research team conducted what is known as a low-dose UV study, involving 58 participants with light to olive skin tones.
Controlled exposure to both low and high UV intensities mimicked real-world conditions across different times of day. Importantly, even when exposure levels were too low to cause visible sunburn, scientists still detected DNA damage in the skin.
This damage was identified through molecular markers such as p53, a protein that signals cellular stress, as well as specific UV-induced DNA lesions. These markers act as early warning signs, long before any cancer develops.
While a single exposure does not mean skin cancer will occur, Professor Whiteman said that repeated, incremental exposure is the concern. Over months and years, these small doses can accumulate, increasing the likelihood of mutations that may eventually lead to skin cancer.
The researchers stress that their findings are not about avoiding sunlight altogether, as it plays an essential role in maintaining vitamin D levels and overall health.
Instead, the study underscores the importance of updating sun safety habits to reflect evolving scientific evidence.
Experts advise that applying sunscreen as part of a daily routine can help reduce long-term risk.
Disclaimer: This article is for information purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Consult a registered healthcare professional about any health concerns or before making any changes to your medication, diet, or exercise routine.
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