Understanding arthritis
It affects many seniors but there are several types of arthritis and they require different treatments.
Arthritis, which affects millions of people worldwide, is characterised by joint pain, stiffness, and swelling.
While there are over 100 types of arthritis, the most prevalent are osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and psoriatic arthritis.
Understanding these types is essential to managing symptoms and improving your quality of life.
Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis and typically affects older adults. It occurs when the protective cartilage that cushions the ends of bones wears down over time, leading to pain, swelling, and reduced joint mobility. It primarily affects weight-bearing joints such as the knees, hips, spine, and hands.
Treatment usually focuses on managing pain and improving function. Common approaches include:
Medications: Over-the-counter pain relievers such as paracetamol non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen, aspirin, or diclofenac are often used. In severe cases, doctors may prescribe stronger medications including corticosteroids.
Physical therapy: Exercise routines focused on strengthening muscles around the joint can help reduce stiffness and improve flexibility.
Weight management: Maintaining a healthy weight reduces stress on joints, particularly in the knees and hips.
Surgery: In advanced cases, joint replacement surgeries (such as hip or knee replacements) may be considered.
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease where the body's immune system attacks its own joint lining (synovium), causing inflammation, swelling, and pain. It can affect multiple joints and often appears symmetrically, meaning both sides of the body experience symptoms. If untreated, RA can lead to joint deformities and damage to organs.
Treatments for rheumatoid arthritis include:
Medications: Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), such as methotrexate, and biologics like adalimumab and etanercept, can help slow down the progression of RA.
Steroids: Short-term use of corticosteroids like prednisone helps reduce inflammation quickly.
Physical therapy: Exercise is crucial for maintaining joint function.
Psoriatic arthritis often develops in people with psoriasis, an autoimmune condition that affects the skin. PsA leads to joint pain, stiffness, and swelling, particularly in the fingers and toes, and can also affect the spine and tendons.
Treatment options include:
Medications: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and DMARDs are commonly prescribed. In more severe cases, biologic drugs can be used.
Lifestyle modifications: Regular exercise, stress reduction, and avoiding smoking can help manage PsA symptoms.
Managing arthritis requires a combination of medical treatments, lifestyle changes, and physical therapy. With the right approach, you can minimise discomfort and maintain a high quality of life despite the challenges of arthritis.
Related reading: Health Direct, Arthritis Australia
