What pet owners need to know

Many local councils, such as the City of Melbourne, have gone further by introducing mandatory containment periods and desexing requirements for cats.  

Desexing and microchipping are cornerstones of ethical pet care. The RSPCA notes that desexing prevents unwanted litters and brings major health and behavioural benefits, and microchipping ensures lost animals can be reunited with their families. 

Studies also reveal stark differences in lifespan between desexed and intact cats, with unneutered animals having significantly shorter life expectancies due to an increased risk of disease and roaming behaviour. 

Creating a safe, enriching environment is another key component of responsible ownership. 

Cats and dogs not only need protection from harm but require mental stimulation, physical activity, and emotional engagement. 

Indoor cats, when provided with climbing structures, toys, scratching posts, window views and regular interaction, lead healthier, more content lives while avoiding the risks associated with outdoor access. 

Many owners choose to build secure outdoor enclosures and provide supervised leash time, ensuring pets experience fresh air without the dangers of free roaming.  

Health care is essential. Preventive veterinary care – including vaccinations, parasite control, routine check‑ups, and appropriate nutrition – directly influences an animal’s longevity and quality of life. 

Evidence shows that indoor cats, in particular, benefit from consistent monitoring, balanced diets, and timely medical attention. 

Financial responsibility is another important facet of pet ownership. 

Australians spend, on average, $2,700 a year for cats and $4,200 on dogs for essentials such as food, basic veterinary care, microchipping, grooming, and parasite treatments. Emergency or specialist veterinary care can take that figure much higher. 

Understanding the costs involved ensures that owners are prepared for both expected and unexpected expenses, reducing the likelihood of financial strain leading to compromised care.  

Responsible ownership also has broader environmental and social implications. 

Free‑roaming cats pose a major threat to native wildlife, contributing to the deaths of birds, reptiles, and small mammals. Keeping cats properly contained is one of the most effective ways to protect local ecosystems and reduce community conflict. 

Thoughtful pet management helps maintain positive relationships with neighbours, prevents nuisance behaviour, and ensures that pets remain safe.  

Ultimately, responsible pet ownership is a lifelong commitment – one that blends compassion with informed decision‑making. 

By keeping our pets safe and well‑supported, we contribute to stronger communities and healthier environments. 

Related reading: TICA, The Conversation, Pet Welfare, City of Melbourne, Cat Care Society, RSPCA